What constitutes a royal portrait? Jennifer Scott discusses visual portrayals of kings, queens, princes and princesses, from the portrait of Richard II by an anonymous 14th-century artist to Annie Leibovitz’s photograph of Elizabeth II in 2007. Illustrated with 157 examples, including works by great artists from Hans Holbein to Lucien Freud, the study explores the factors that contribute to a royal portrait: its accuracy of appearance, the artist’s aspirations, and the intended location and audience of the work.