The earliest films were shown at fairgrounds and exhibitions, in the long tradition of novelty light and image entertainments such as the magic lantern shows and moving panorama attractions of the 19th century. This illustrated history traces the roots of cinema back to the camera obscura and examines a range of early photographic technologies that astonished audiences, including Reynaud's Optical Theatre and Edison's Kinetoscope, before the establishment of the modern movie industry in the early 20th century.